KIM

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New York City

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= Geography. =

=== New York City is located on the coast of the [|Northeastern United States] at the mouth of the [|Hudson River] in southeastern [|New York] state. The [|New York Harbor], with its deep waters and sheltered bays, helped the city grow in significance as a trading city. Much of New York is built on the three islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and western Long Island, making land scarce and encouraging a high population density. ===

**New York Fast Facts**
//1 July 2009// || //square// //miles// || //square// //km// || || 19,541,453 || 47,214 || 122,284 ||
 * **Population**: 13,745,329
 * **Largest City:** New York
 * **State Capital:** Albany
 * ** New York's [|Five Boroughs] at a Glance ** ||
 * **Jurisdiction** || **Population** |||| **Land Area** ||
 * //Borough of// || //County of// || //estimate for//
 * ** [|Manhattan] ** || New York || 1,629,054 || 23 || 59 ||
 * ** [|The Bronx] ** || Bronx || 1,397,287 || 42 || 109 ||
 * ** [|Brooklyn] ** || Kings || 2,567,098 || 71 || 183 ||
 * ** [|Queens] ** || Queens || 2,306,712 || 109 || 283 ||
 * ** [|Staten Island] ** || Richmond || 491,730 || 58 || 151 ||
 * City of New York || **8,391,881** || **303** || **786** ||
 * [|State of New York]

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**New York Points of interest**




= = = New York Accent .= =The New York dialect of the [|English language] is spoken by many [|European Americans], and some non-European Americans who were raised in [|//New York Cit//y] and much of its [|metropolitan area]. It is one of the most recognizable dialects within [|American English].=

The [|English spoken in northern New Jersey] and the English spoken in [|eastern Long Island] are distinct from, yet share much in common with, the New York City dialect.

The origins of the dialect are diverse, and the source of many features is probably not recoverable.
William Labov **(born December 4, 1927) is an [|American] **

====Labov has pointed out that the //short a split// is found in southern England as mentioned above. He also claims that the vocalization and subsequent loss of (r) was copied from the prestigious London pronunciation, and so it started among the upper classes in New York. This non-rhotic (r-less) aristocratic pronunciation can be heard, for instance, in recordings of [|Franklin Roosevelt].====

Other vernacular pronunciations, such as the dental (d)' s and (t) 's may come from contact with languages such as Italian and Yiddish. Grammatical structures, such as the lack of inversion in indirect questions, have the flavor of contact with an immigrant language. As stated above, many words common in New York are of immigrant roots.[|[][|9][|]]

**Phonology**

 * ~ Tense [eə] ||||~ Lax [æ] ||
 * man || [meən] || hang || [hæŋ] ||
 * ham || [heəm] || pal || [pæl] ||
 * laugh || [leəf] || lap || [læp] ||
 * bath || [beəθ] || bat || [bæt] ||
 * glass || [ɡleəs] || manage || <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[mænɪdʒ] ||

The main exceptions to the above generalizations are:
 * 1) When a [|vowel] -initial word-level [|suffix] is added to a word with tense <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[eə], the vowel remains tense even though it has come to stand in an open syllable: //mannish// has <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[eə] like //man//, not <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ] like //manage////classy// has <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[eə] like //class//, not <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ] like //classic////passing// has <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[eə] like //pass//, not <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ] like //Pasadena//
 * 2) When a polysyllabic word with <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ] in an open syllable gets truncated to a single closed syllable, the vowel remains: //caf// (truncation of //cafeteria//) has <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ], not <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[eə] like //calf////path// (truncation of //pathology//) has <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ] , not <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[eə] like //path// 'way, road'//Mass// (truncation of //Massachusetts//) has <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ] , not <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[eə] like //mass//
 * 3)  [|Function words] and [|irregular verb] tenses have lax <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ], even in an environment which would usually cause tensing: //and// (a function word) has <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ] , not <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[eə] like //sand////ran// (a strong verb tense) has <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[æ] , not <span class="IPA" style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus',Gentium,GentiumAlt,'Charis SIL','Doulos SIL','DejaVu Sans',Code2000,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Arial Unicode MS','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode';">[eə] like //man//

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Steps
Hello, I'm Gareth Jameson. I'm an actor and a voice coach from www.londonviocelessons. com. Here are some tips for working on your voice. Now, the secret to any accent, is to isolate the key sound that is specific to that accent. So when we are talking about a New York accent, and we are going to talk about a really old fashioned style New York accent like you get in your old gangster films. So this is probably not as common today, but it does still exist with some speakers. The first sound is the 'R' sound. Unlike general Americans, an 'R' sound in New York is only pronounced when it's before a vowel. So listen to the phrase. Are green cards brighter, are green cards brighter. Listen to are and cards. Even though there's a letter 'R' in those words, you don't hear it. So it's not cards, it's cards. Are green cards brighter. Our next feature is the vowel 'er' as in verse and 'oi' as in voice. They become almost the same. Don't go too far where you sound silly. So don't say, thirty third with an 'oy'. It's almost there, thirty third. Verse, that's verse, verse. He sang the first verse with his beautiful voice. He sang the first first with his beautiful voice. So they're very similar, but not exactly the same. He sang the first verse with his beautiful voice. There's another one there as well in, the first verse and his beautiful voice. We've got 'da', he's saying 'da' first verse. It's fairly common for 'th' sounds to be replaced with T's or D's, so that you hear, 'da' first verse. The next feature is the caught and 'caught' vowels. They're different in British, English, in New York they're the same, and they're very long, drawn out sounds. So we hear, don't let the dog walk across there. Don't let the dog walk across there. There's another example of that 'th', across there. Don't let the dog walk across there. Now if we take that T H, t t t, instead of, th th th, and mix it with an earlier sound, the first verse, we get the stereotypical New York. So that instead of thirty third, you get thirty third. The corner of thirty third and third. Now of coarse that's going too far, that;s a little stereotypical, but if you're doing this for a play or you're in a show, then why not go that extra mile and you can bring it back if you need to.

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Alright now let's do some practice words and sentences for aw. These are words like often become awften and you don't even have to hit the T. It can become awfen, almost like you're saying an orphan, awfen. Jawa. So I say jawa and you go up on the end. Lawst. She was lawst. Dawg. Dawg. And now some sentences. I thawt you were flawless. I thought you were flawless. The short dawg cawght the dawg that cawst a lot. The short dawg caawght the dawg that cawst a lot. Lawst boys become flawless. Lawst boys become flawless.

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Now the major way, the second major way, in which you learn a dialect. First is point 0:07 of placement. The second are in various vowel and consonant changes, which are indicative 0:14 of each dialect. And with a New York dialect, I'm going to start with the changes in the 0:20 vowel sounds. Now, take the short "o," for example. Standard American dialect would be 0:27 "orange." "Get me an orange." Or "stop the car." They're very rounded. Well, in the New 0:35 York dialect they become elongated where "stop" becomes "stap." All right, it becomes very 0:42 hard. It's not a round o. It's a hard - you just put it out of your mouth a hard, almost 0:51 "a" sound. "Get me an arange." "Stap the car." All right. Now that's the first thing you 0:59 have to look at, and when you're learning a dialect, you know, you're probably going 1:03 to have words in front of you. You're going to have script in front of you, and you want 1:07 to want to practice getting the vowel based on, you know, you've got to go through it 1:12 and you've got to find the words and practice those words. Like the word father. You and 1:17 I, standard American, would say father. New York? Father. It becomes an "ah" instead of 1:24 an "o." Or a father. "Orange." "Arange." "Option." "Aption". All right. You see how I'm really 1:37 dropping my jaw? I'm really involving my jaw. Instead of saying "option," say "aption." 1:45 Drop your jaw. "Aption." "Racket." Say "rocket." "Racket." So, what you ultimately want to 1:53 do is practice saying it normal, then practice saying it New York. If you have to, turn that 2:01 soft "a" into a hard "ah."



** The example Video of New york accent. **
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New york song.
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Link.
http://www.alphadictionary.com/articles/southernese.html

http://thesaurus.yourdictionary.com/new-york