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__** Wales (Cymru) **__

** Population (2001): 2.9 million ** ** Area: 21,000 square kilometres ** ** Capital city: Cardiff ** ** Currency: British Pound (GBP, Pounds Sterling) **

__** walesh dictionaries. **__
 * http://www.translation-guide.com/free_online_translators.php?from=English&to=Welsh **

Geography of wales.

[|Wales] is a generally mountainous country on the western side of central southern Great Britain, between the Irish Sea to the north and the Bristol Channel to the south. It is part of the United Kingdom, and is bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean, St George's Channel and Irish Sea to its west. It is about 274 km from north to south and at least 97 km wide, with a total area of 20,779 km2 .It has over 1,200 kmof coastline, anincludes offshore islands of which the largest is Anglesey.Cardiff is the capital and largest city in Wales. It is situated in the highly urbanised area of South East Wales,

Wales People

The people of Wales are descended from many ethnic groups, including the original Britons and other population groups including the Celts, Romans and Scandinavians. Around three quarters of the 2.94 million population are concentrated around the large cities and mining valleys of the south east of the country.

[|Stereotypes of Wales.]
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Wales background. 1.The country has a strong musical and cultural tradition. It is famous for its choirs, and singers of many different styles. 2.The national sport is rugby. 3.The Welsh economy was once dominated by the coal mining and steel industries. The production of slate (used mainly for roof tiles). 4. The land is used for sheep farming, and cattle are reared in the lowland areas. 5.English is the main language spoken in most parts of Wales, but the Welsh language is taught in many of the schools and is spoken by about 20% of the population. Signs and information are usually written in both English and Welsh. 6.Wales has the greatest concentration of castles in western Europe. There is a lot of beautiful scenery, including many attractive mountains, hills, valleys and rivers. 7.The national emblem of Wales is the leek (you can see this on the back of some one pound coins); daffodils are also often as a symbol of the country.

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[|Welsh﻿ phonology] - voiceless sonorants such as the voiceless lateral fricative [ɬ], voiceless nasal consonants [m] , [n] , and [ŋ) ,
 * ~  ||~ [|Labial] ||~ [|Dental] ||||~ [|Alveolar] ||~ [|Palatal] ||~ [|Dorsal] ||~ [|Glottal] ||
 * ^  ||^   ||^   ||~ plain ||~ [|lateral] ||^   ||^   ||^   ||
 * ~ [|Plosive] || p b ||  || t d ||   ||   || k ɡ ||   ||
 * ~ [|Affricate] ||  ||   ||   ||   || (tʃ) (dʒ) ||   ||   ||
 * ~ [|Fricative] || f v || θ ð || s (z) || ɬ || ʃ || χ (ʁ) || h ||
 * ~ [|Nasal] || (m̥) m ||  || n ||   ||   || ŋ ||   ||
 * ~ [|Trill] ||  ||   || r̥ r ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * ~ [|Approximant] ||  ||   ||   || l || j || w ||   ||

- voiceless rhotic [r]. Stress usually falls on the penultimate syllable in polysyllabic words, while the word-final unstressed syllable receives a higher pitch than the stressed syllable.The /r/ phoneme is reportedly pronounced as a voiced uvular fricative**

- word-final unstressed syllable receives a higher pitch than the stressed syllable.

- The plosives /p t k/ are distinguished from /b d ɡ/ by means of aspiration more consistently than by voicing, as /b d ɡ/ are actually devoiced in most contexts.

- The fricatives /v ð/ may also be devoiced in some contexts, but are distinguished from /f θ/ by having a shorter frication length than the latter.

.<æ> is widely realised as  giving a pronuncation of //Cardiff// ['kæːdɪf] as //Kahdiff// ['kaːdɪf]like - is lily
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Dialects 1.The vowels /ɨ̞/ and /ɨː/ occur only in Northern dialects; 2.Southern dialects they are replaced by /ɪ/ and /iː/ respectively. In Southern dialects, the contrast between long and short vowels is found in stressed syllables only; 3.Northern dialects, the contrast is found only in stressed //word-final// syllables (including monosyllabic words). The vowel /ə/ does not occur in the final syllable of words (except a few monosyllabic proclitics). 4. In Southern dialects, schwa can be long or short. 5.In Northern dialects, schwa is always short, because long vowels appear only in word-final syllables, a position where schwa never appears.In [|northern] varieties, coat and caught/court are often merged into /kɔːt/ 6.Welsh is the tendency in southern dialects to palatalise the letter "s", e.g. mis (month), would tend to be pronounced [miːs] in the north, and [miːʃ] in the south.
 * ~ [|Monophthongs] ||~ [|Front] ||~ [|Central] ||~ [|Back] ||
 * **[|Close]** || iː || ɨː || uː ||
 * **[|Near-close]** || ɪ || ɨ̞ || ʊ ||
 * **[|Close mid]** || eː || ə(ː) || oː ||
 * **[|Open mid]** || ɛ ||^  || ɔ ||
 * **[|Open]** || a ||  || ɑː ||

[|.] Welsh Grammar. Welsh inclines very strongly towards the use of auxiliaries with its verbs. The present tense is constructed with bod ("to be") as an auxiliary verb, with the main verb appearing as a verbnoun (loosely equivalent to an infinitive) after the particle.
 * The diphthongs containing /ɨ/ occur only in Northern dialects.**
 * 1.The canonical word order in Welsh is verb–subject–object**

2.In the preterite, future, and conditional tenses, there are inflected forms of all verbs. However, it is more common nowadays in speech to use the verbnoun.

I am or Running on Friday,
 * 3.Welsh English. Examples subject and the verb after the predicate for emphasis, e.g. ,**

Pronoun colloquial Welsh, possessive pronouns - whether used to mean "my", "your", etc., or to indicate the direct object of a verbal noun - are commonly reinforced by the use of the corresponding personal pronoun after the noun or verbal noun: "his house" (literally "his house of him"), "I like you" ("I am your liking of you")
 * 4.Pronoun doubling**

The Welsh for "I like Rhodri" is ("I am in liking Rhodri"), where Rhodri is in a possessive relationship. With personal pronouns, the possessive form of the personal pronoun is used, as in "I like him" literally, "I am in his liking" – "I like you" is ("I am your liking)
 * 5.Possessives as direct objects of verbal nouns.**

.
 * Welsh lacks pronouns for constructing subordinate clauses; instead, preverbal particles and special verb forms are used.**

How to do Welsh accent
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Transcript:
Hi, I am Gareth Jameson. I am an actor and voice coach from www.londonvoicelessions. com. Here are some tips where you hear on your voice. The key to any accent is to isolate the sounds that are specific to that accent. So in the Welsh accent, quite often you will hear people saying that it is a very sing-song sort of sounding accent. The reason for this is that, in Welsh accent, what tends to happen is the Welsh sounds stretched out and stressed, and there is a huge glide from hi-pitch to low-pitch. The accent I am talking about is the south Welsh accent, that has got a huge difference between the south and north. We will focus on the south Welsh. So listen to this sentence. Jhon, what are you doing? Jhon, what are you doing? You noticed that huge glide on Jhon, that is much more common in Welsh than it is in other parts of the United Kingdom. But, it is not exclusive to Welsh, Jhon, what are you doing? Notice that at the end as well, Doing, rather a sound in Doing, the one we get in Pit and Lit, peck and pick, becomes more like it and so that's peck and bet. Can I have a better hat please? Also, a lot of Welsh speakers or people speaking with a Welsh accent will tend to drop the yea sound, the y sound, it is technically calling yard, and drop that sound from words like news or tune and even sometimes from use. So rather than saying Conjoun used the new one, you will have Conjoun used the new one. That's a new one. Finally, we have got the tapped R sound. Bright. It is bright outside today. Bright. And this is a bit like rolling on R and you are going too far if you say Bright. That is quite unusual. Try rolling on R but just once. But if you can not roll your R's, try pushing your tongue up to the roof of your mouth and say done. Done. And now push really hard,Drrrr, and you might get a little Drr at the beginning, and that is rolled up. And try and do just one little roll 'da', you got it. Bright. It is bright outside today. Can you bring me the orange crayon please?.

= Welsh Song =

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Oi Mush, is a really popular in South Wales and it's usually sung at football matches.[|.]