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 * Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran) **


 * Iran is a country in Western Asia.The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in **
 * native use since the Sassanian era, **** in antiquity.It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the **
 * country was known to the Western world as Persia Both "Persia" and "Iran" **** are used interchangeably in cultural context. **

The national flag of Iran

 * = [[image:https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRGLyWgkxOw-ksdscCZ8_KKaDabgLRLD8UzqEgjwyVR87XUgZpe width="403" height="217" align="center"]] ||= [[image:Emblem_of_Iran.svg.png width="301" height="206" align="center"]] ||
 * ~  Flag of Iran ||~  Emblem of Iran  ||
 * The flag of Iran was officially adopted on July 29, 1980. The colors of the flag date to the mid-18th century;**
 * -The green represents Islam **
 * -The white represents peace **
 * -The red means courage **
 * The centered symbol is said to symbolize the five principles of Islam. According to sources, the white stylized script on the red and green panels, repeated 22 times, is the Islamic phrase Allahu Akbar, meaning "God is greater than to be described."The centered sword is representative of the country's strength."**

Iran National Anthem media type="youtube" key="pvUgp8grHIA" height="414" width="554" align="center"

History of Iran

 * Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC.**
 * The Iranian nation is one of the oldest continuous civilizations in the world. Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic populations occupied caves in the Zagros and Elburz mountains. The earliest civilizations in the region descended from the Zagros foothills, where they developed agriculture and animal husbandry, and established the first urban cultures in the Tigris-Euphrates basin in present day Iraq. The earliest urban peoples in what is today Iranian territory were the Elamites in the extreme southwest region of Khuzestan. The arrival of the Aryan peoples—Medes and Persians— on the Iranian plateau in the first millennium B.C.E. marked the beginning of the Iranian civilization, rising to the heights of the great Achaemenid Empire consolidated by Cyrus the Great in 550 B.C.E. Under the rulers Darius the Great and Xerxes, the Achaemenid rulers extended their empire from northern India to Egypt.Down to the present, one pattern has repeated again and again in Iranian civilization: the conquerors of Iranian territory are eventually themselves**

media type="youtube" key="GLY_19wAMdE" height="414" width="554" align="center"

Religion

 * The Iranian government does not officially recognise the existence of non-religious Iranians. This leaves the true representation of the religious split in Iran unknown as all non-religious, spiritual, atheist, agnostic and converts away from Islam are likely to be included within the government statistic of the 99% muslim majority.**


 * = [[image:images12.jpg width="231" height="231"]] || ==[[image:shia islam.jpg width="253" height="231"]]== ||= [[image:religion.jpg width="309" height="230"]] ||
 * The religion held by the majority of the Iranian population is Shia Muslim (89%). Sunni Muslims in Iran constitute about 9% of the population and the remaining 2% of Iranians are from ‘other’ religions – primarily Zoroastrian, Christian and Jewish. **
 * The religion held by the majority of the Iranian population is Shia Muslim (89%). Sunni Muslims in Iran constitute about 9% of the population and the remaining 2% of Iranians are from ‘other’ religions – primarily Zoroastrian, Christian and Jewish. **

Languages in Iran

 * The Persian language is one of the world's oldest languages still in use today, and is known to have one of the most powerful literary traditions.**

**The official language of Iran is Persian.**

 * Persian, Gilaki and Mazandarani 66%,Azeri Turkish and other Turkic dialects 18%,Kurdish 10%, Balochi languages 2%,Arabic 2% other.**

Comparison table

 * ~ English ||~ Zazaki ||~ Kurmanji/Sorani ||~ Pashto ||~ Balochi ||~ Mazandarani ||~ Persian ||~ Middle Persian ||~ Parthian ||~ Old Persian ||~ Avestan ||~ Ossetic ||
 * //**beautiful**// || rind || rind, bedew, delal/cwan || x̌kulay, x̌āista || sharr, soherâ || ṣəmxâl/xəş-nəmâ || zibā/xuš-čehr(e) || hučihr, hužihr || hužihr || naiba || vahu-, srîra || ræsughd ||
 * //**blood**// || gunî || xwîn/xwên || wina || hon || xun || xūn || xōn || gōxan ||  || vohuni- || tug ||
 * //**bread**// || nan || nan || ḍoḍəi, nəghān || nān, nagan || nûn || nān || nān || nān ||  ||   || dzul ||
 * //**bring**// || ardene || anîn/hênan/weranîn, hawirdin || rā wṛəl || âurten, yārag, ārag || biyârden || āwurdan, biyār ("(you) bring!") || āwurdan, āwāy-, āwar-, bar- || āwāy-, āwar-, bar- || bara- || bara, bar- || xæssyn ||
 * //**brother**// || bira || bira, || wror || brāt, brās || birâr || barādar || brād, brâdar || brād, brādar || brātar || brātar- || æfsymær ||
 * //**come**// || amayene || hatin || rā tləl || āhag, āyag || biyamona, enen || āmadan || āmadan, awar || awar, čām || āy-, āgam || āgam- || cæwyn ||
 * //**cry**// || berbayene || girîn, giryan || žaṛəl || greewag, greeten || bərmə/ qâ || gerīstan/gerīye || griy-, bram- ||  ||   ||   || kæwyn ||
 * //**dark**// || tarî || tarî/tarîk || tyārə || thár || siyo || tārīk || tārīg/k || tārīg, tārēn ||  || sâmahe, sâma || tar ||
 * //**daughter**// || kêna || keç, kîj, qîz, dot/kiç, kîj, kenîşk, düet(kelhur) || lur || dohtir, duttag || kijâ, dether || doxtar || duxtar || duxt, duxtar ||  || duxδar || čyzg ( [|Iron] ), kizgæ ( [|Digor] ) ||
 * //**day**// || roce/roje/roze || roj || wradz || roç || rezh || rūz || rōz ||  || raucah- || raocah- || bon ||
 * //**do**// || kerdene || kirin/kirdin || kawəl || kanag, kurtin || hâkerden || kardan || kardan || kartan || kạrta- || kәrәta- || kænyn ||
 * //**door**// || çeber || derî, derge/derke, derga || war || gelo, darwāzag || bəli || dar || dar || dar, bar || duvara- || dvara- || dwar ||
 * //**die**// || merdene || mirin/mirdin || mrəl || mireg || mərnen || murdan || murdan ||  || mạriya- || mar- || mælyn ||
 * //**donkey**// || her || ker || xar || her || xar || xar || xar ||  ||   ||   || xæræg ||
 * //**egg**// || hak || hêk/hêlke || hagəi || heyg, heyk || merqâna || toxm, xāya ("testicle") || toxmag, xâyag || taoxmag, xâyag ||  || taoxma- || ajk ||
 * //**earth**// || êrd ('Arabic (origin)') || erd, zemîn/herd (//uncertain origin//) || zməka || zemin || zemi || zamīn || zamīg || zamīg || zam- || zãm, zam, zem || zæxx ||

Iran Ethnic/Race

 * || [[image:sarus003/images (6).jpg align="center"]] || [[image:7084743069_6e360d11f4_z.jpg width="213" height="273" align="center"]] || [[image:sarus003/5919726827_108673269_1187bb12b8_xlarge.jpeg width="192" height="264" align="center"]] ||
 * Persian 61% || Azerbaijani 16% || Kurd 10% || Arab 2% ||
 * [[image:sarus003/images (4).jpg width="263" height="283" align="center"]] || [[image:images (5).jpg width="182" height="276" align="center"]] || [[image:sarus003/15473294.jpg width="178" height="290" align="center"]] || [[image:Iranian-Kurdish-Girl.jpg width="195" height="305"]] ||
 * Lur 6% || Baloch 2% || Turkmen 2% || other ||
 * Iran has been somewhat blessed by an absence of specific ethnic conflict. This is noteworthy, given the large number of ethnic groups living within its borders, both today and in the past. It is safe to conclude that the general Iranian population neither persecutes ethnic minorities, nor openly discriminates against them.**
 * Iran has been somewhat blessed by an absence of specific ethnic conflict. This is noteworthy, given the large number of ethnic groups living within its borders, both today and in the past. It is safe to conclude that the general Iranian population neither persecutes ethnic minorities, nor openly discriminates against them.**

Money

 * = [[image:เงิน.jpg width="372" height="233"]][[image:sarus003/เหรียญอิหร่าน.jpg width="397" height="239"]] ||
 * ~  Rial ||

Car Drives
** on the right **

Geography



 * Iran is the eighteenth largest country in the world, with an area of****1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi).Its area roughly equals that of the**
 * United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Germany combined, or somewhat** **more than the US state of Alaska.**

Climate

 * Iran has a hot, dry climate characterized by long, hot, dry summers and short, cool winters. The climate is influenced by Iran's location between the subtropical aridity of the Arabian desert areas and the subtropical humidity of the eastern Mediterranean area. January is the coldest month, with temperatures from 5°C to 10°C, and August is the hottest month at 20°C to 30°C or more.**

People



 * People & Culture of Iran With a long-standing and proud civilization, Persian culture is among the richest in the world. **

Iran Culture

 * The culture of Iran is a mix of ancient pre-Islamic culture and Islamic culture. Iranian culture has long been a predominant culture of the region,**
 * with Persian considered the language of intellectuals during much of the 2nd millennium, and the language of religion and the populace before that.**
 * =  ||= [[image:images.jpg width="324" height="223"]] ||
 * =  ||= **City Theater of Tehran, the largest auditorium in Western Asia.** ||

Iran cuisine
The cuisine of Iran is diverse, with each province featuring dishes, as well as culinary traditions and styles, distinct to their regions.The main Persian cuisines are combinations of rice with meat, chicken or fish and some onion, vegetables, nuts, and herbs.Iranians also usually eat plain yogurt with lunch and dinner; it is a staple of the diet in Iran.
 * [[image:1538krp.jpg width="328" height="230"]] || [[image:frontpicture.jpg width="235" height="213"]] ||

Art and architecture


 * = [[image:sarus003/Perspolis1.jpg width="355" height="243"]] ||= [[image:sarus003/Naqsh-e-Jahan-Square กลางคืน.jpg width="588" height="249"]] ||
 * = Persepolis ||= Naqsh-e Jahan Square ||

Iran is home to one of the richest artistic traditions in world history and encompasses many disciplines, including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery,and stonemaso. |||||| ||
 * pottery |||||| architecture ||
 * [[image:sarus003/images (1).jpg width="430" height="300" align="center"]] |||||| [[image:images (3).jpg width="430" height="300" align="center"]] ||
 * Iran carpet |||||| Azadi Tower ||

Music and Dance

 * media type="youtube" key="1vi5fa2ZLwo" height="345" width="476" ||
 * Dance ||

The musical culture of Persia, while distinct, is closely related to other musical systems of the West and Central Asia.Its history can be traced to some extent through these relationships. Like that of most of the world’s cultures, the music of Persia has depended on oral/aural transmission and learning.
 * media type="youtube" key="TJ37I-uyB4Y" height="283" width="504" ||
 * Music ||

Sport

 * = [[image:Polo.jpg width="368" height="256"]] ||= [[image:iran-soccer.jpg width="396" height="248"]] ||
 * = Polo ||= <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> soccer ||
 * sports are practised in Iran, both traditional and modern.Iran is the birthplace of polo and Varzesh-e Pahlavani. Freestyle wrestling has been traditionally regarded as Iran's national sporthowever today, the most popular sport in Iran is soccer. **


 * Azadi Football Stadium is the biggest venue for Iranian football. It’s also the world's fourth largest soccer.**

Iran Attractions

 * [[image:sarus003/Esfahan05.jpg align="center"]] || [[image:IMG_6079.jpg width="480" height="293" align="center"]] ||
 * Esfahan || The Old City in Yazd ||
 * [[image:sarus003/images (7).jpg width="443" height="297" align="center"]] || [[image:IMG_6048.jpg width="480" height="293" align="center"]] ||
 * The Tomb of Hafez in Shiraz || Ancient Persepolis ||
 * [[image:IMG_0737.jpg width="400" height="300" align="center"]] || [[image:IMG_1982.jpg width="480" height="293" align="center"]] ||
 * The Bazaar of Tabriz || Colorful Nasr ol Molk Mosque in Shiraz ||
 * There are a lot of historic sites and tourist attractions in Iran. Here you get familiar with some of those which have been registered in the UNESCO List of world human heritage. Of course, Iran is an ancient country that can potentially offer plenty of historic sites and tourist attractions to its visitors.**



<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">Mount Damavand, Iran is a good view point.

Animal

 * = [[image:Persian-Cat1.jpg width="378" height="284"]] ||= [[image:sarus003/Persian-Cat2.jpg width="360" height="265"]] ||
 * ** The Persian is the most popular breed of pedigree cats in the United States. In the UK,it was the 5th most popular breed, behind the British Shorthair, Siamese and Bengal. **
 * The Persian is a longhaired cat characterized by its round face and shortened muzzle. One of the oldest cat breeds, it takes its name from its place of origin: Persia. ** ||


 * Iran's wildlife is composed of several animal species including bears, gazelles, wild pigs, wolves, jackals, panthers, Eurasian Lynx, and foxes.**
 * Domestic animals include, sheep, goats, horses, water buffalo, and camels. The pheasant, partridge, stork, eagles and falcon are also native to Iran.**
 * One of the most famous members of Iranian wildlife is the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah, also known as the Iranian Cheetah.**


 * [[image:565px-Adlerbussard.jpg width="223" height="240" align="center"]] || [[image:sarus003/images (8).jpg width="334" height="241" align="center"]] ||
 * ** Long-legged Buzzard ** || ** Golden Jackal ** ||
 * [[image:sarus003/เนื้อ.jpg width="287" height="277"]] || [[image:images (10).jpg align="center"]] ||
 * ** gazelles ** || ** Asiatic cheetah ** ||

Persian Gesture

 * 1. Remove shoes when entering a home or mosque.**


 * 2. To signal to someone, put your hand out with your palm down, and curl your fingers in a scratching motion.**


 * 3. The thumbs up sign is vulgar.**


 * 4.To signal yes, dip your head down with a slight turn.**


 * 5.To signal no, move your head up and back sharply.**


 * 6.Shaking hands with a child shows respect toward the parents.**


 * = [[image:sarus003/rga.jpg align="center"]] ||= [[image:images (14).jpg width="332" height="243" align="center"]] ||= [[image:download (1).jpg width="346" height="234" align="center"]] ||

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Greetings media type="youtube" key="WL_9LS0sO1g?list=PL78FD365A47D9D39C" height="315" width="560"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">DO- understand that since conservative men and women do not socialize together, greetings are done only among members of the same sex. Because of this, wait for the member of the opposite sex to put their hand out for a handshake before shaking hands.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">DO- shake hands upon greeting or greet with an affectionate kiss.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">DO- greet by saying "salaam" which means hello.

Common Persian phrases
media type="youtube" key="qVrf_Awq8qQ" height="315" width="560"

media type="youtube" key="u17YwCestpU" height="315" width="560"

Persian Casual Conversation
media type="youtube" key="MQQu_Q8b0sQ" height="408" width="547"

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">Gift Giving and Accepting Gifts
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">DO- wrap a gift nicely.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">DON'T open a gift immediately.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px;">DON'T give overly lavish gifts. Pens, art, home decor, or something from your home country are generally appreciated.

Etiquette

 * The social lubricant of Iranian life is a system known as //ta'arof//, literally "meeting together." This is a ritualized system of linguistic and behavioral interactional strategies allowing individuals to interrelate in a harmonious fashion. The system marks the differences between //andaruni// and //biruni// situations, and also marks differences in relative social status**

extended families have hospitality rights in the homes of their most distant relatives. ||
 * = [[image:sarus003/Corbis-EK005429.jpg width="448" height="297"]] ||
 * = An Iranian family eating a meal in Shiraj. Even after they leave home, members of

The highest status person also goes first when food is served. It is proper form to refuse these honors, and press them on another. ||= greetings and leave-takings such as ghorban-e shoma (literally, "your sacrifice") underscore this sensibility. ||
 * = [[image:download.jpg width="331" height="243" align="center"]] ||= [[image:115024424.png width="400" height="300"]] ||
 * = An honored guest is always placed at the head of a room or a table.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[]

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Iran Culture Quiz



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